Position and orientation measurements also refer to the “ degrees of freedom” (DOF) in which an object moves in 3D space. The Polaris ® optical measurement solution, and Aurora ® and 3D Guidance ® electromagnetic (EM) tracking solutions capture the position (X-Y-Z coordinate data) and orientation (roll, pitch, yaw) of an optical navigation marker or EM sensor in relation to a fixed object or reference point in 3D space. A view that limited cannot support complex OEM surgical navigation applications Altitude info (Z-axis) is missing, as is rotational data – only two degrees-of-freedom are reported. However, only a 2D (planar) view of the vehicle’s position is available, and only movement along the longitude and latitude lines (X and Y axes, respectively) is shown. With vehicle GPS navigation, the car is moving and the destination is fixed. Much like vehicle GPS navigation, coordinate data are used to show where an object is in 3D space, and where it needs to go next.
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